Gastric Emptying Visualisation · Subbu Insights

ⓘ Educational tool only. Visualises relative gastric emptying patterns based on published literature. Not a clinical decision aid — refer to institutional fasting protocols and current guidelines for patient care. ← Tools

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Subbu Insights · KIMS Hospitals, Bengaluru

Key References & Evidence Base

Water (T½ 8–18 min): Mudie DM, et al. Quantification of gastrointestinal liquid volumes and distribution following a 240 mL dose of water in the fasted state. Mol Pharm. 2014;11(9):3039–47.
12.5% Maltodextrin (low-osmolar 240 mOsm/L, complete emptying within ~2 h): Lobo DN, et al. Gastric emptying of three liquid oral preoperative metabolic preconditioning regimens measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Anesth Analg. 2009;108(4):1149–56. See also Caceres-Toro AS, et al. Nutrients. 2022;14(18):3787.
12.5% Glucose (hyperosmolar ~700 mOsm/L, T½ ≈ 60–75 min, linear emptying): Brener W, Hendrix TR, McHugh PR. Linear gastric emptying of hyperosmolar glucose solutions. J Nucl Med. 1991;32(3):377–81.
Solid food (T½ ~60–110 min, 95% by ~4 h): Abell TL, et al. Consensus recommendations for gastric emptying scintigraphy. J Nucl Med Technol. 2008;36(1):44–54.
Pre-operative fasting framework: Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting (ASA 2017, updated 2023); ESAIC 2023; ISA Pre-operative Fasting Guidelines (India).